Technical lessons
Water Treatment operator lessons
Core drinking-water treatment concepts: how raw water becomes safe drinking water through clarification, filtration, disinfection, monitoring, and residual control.
Lesson 1
Coagulation vs. Flocculation
Coagulation destabilizes fine particles; flocculation gently mixes them into larger particles that can settle or filter out.
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Lesson 2
Sedimentation and Clarifiers
Sedimentation slows water down so heavier floc and solids can settle before filtration or the next process.
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Lesson 3
Rapid Sand Filtration
Rapid filters remove fine particles after clarification by passing water through granular media such as sand, anthracite, or mixed media.
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Lesson 4
Chlorine Disinfection
Chlorine disinfects water by inactivating pathogens, but the effective dose depends on demand, contact time, pH, temperature, and residual.
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Lesson 5
Turbidity and Water Quality
Turbidity measures how cloudy water is and is one of the most important day-to-day indicators of particle removal.
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Lesson 6
Jar Testing Basics
Jar testing simulates coagulation, flocculation, and settling at bench scale to estimate chemical dose and process response.
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Lesson 7
Alkalinity and pH Control
Alkalinity buffers pH change, while pH affects coagulation, corrosion control, disinfection, and chemical performance.
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Lesson 8
CT Disinfection
CT combines disinfectant residual and contact time to evaluate whether enough disinfection has occurred.
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Lesson 9
Filter Backwash
Backwashing reverses flow through a filter to clean accumulated solids from the media bed.
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Lesson 10
Corrosion Control Basics
Corrosion control manages water chemistry so pipes, fixtures, and plumbing materials are less likely to release metals or fail prematurely.
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