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Coagulation and sedimentation basins at a drinking-water treatment plant

Technical knowledge base

Learn the concepts behind water and wastewater operator exams.

Short, practical lessons for beginners. Start with the discipline you are studying, then work through the process terms, equipment, safety issues, and operator checks that show up in training and certification prep.

Photo: U.S. EPA (public domain)

10 lessons

Water Treatment

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Core drinking-water treatment concepts: how raw water becomes safe drinking water through clarification, filtration, disinfection, monitoring, and residual control.

  1. Coagulation vs. FlocculationLesson 1
  2. Sedimentation and ClarifiersLesson 2
  3. Rapid Sand FiltrationLesson 3
  4. Chlorine DisinfectionLesson 4
  5. Turbidity and Water QualityLesson 5

10 lessons

Water Distribution

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Distribution lessons cover pipes, pressure, storage, pumps, valves, backflow protection, disinfection, and field operations that keep finished water moving safely.

  1. Water Main PressureLesson 1
  2. Pump Types and OperationLesson 2
  3. Backflow PreventionLesson 3
  4. Distribution Storage TanksLesson 4
  5. Water Main DisinfectionLesson 5

10 lessons

Wastewater Treatment

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Wastewater treatment lessons explain the biological, physical, chemical, and process-control concepts operators use to clean used water before discharge or reuse.

  1. Activated Sludge ProcessLesson 1
  2. BOD and CODLesson 2
  3. Sludge Volume IndexLesson 3
  4. Nitrification and DenitrificationLesson 4
  5. Primary vs. Secondary TreatmentLesson 5

10 lessons

Collection Systems

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Collection-system lessons cover sewers, lift stations, inflow and infiltration, cleaning, inspection, safety, and emergency response.

  1. Gravity Sewer SystemsLesson 1
  2. Lift StationsLesson 2
  3. Inflow and InfiltrationLesson 3
  4. Sewer Cleaning MethodsLesson 4
  5. Confined-Space HazardsLesson 5